Supernatural beliefs
How people understand gods, spirits, magic, invisible agents, extraordinary causation, and the boundary between religion, superstition, and conspiracy thinking.
XPhiRel is a Prague-based research group connecting experimental philosophy, cognitive science of religion, moral psychology, cultural evolution, and empirical methodology.
We study supernatural beliefs and related forms of reasoning as cognitive, social, cultural, and methodological problems.
How people understand gods, spirits, magic, invisible agents, extraordinary causation, and the boundary between religion, superstition, and conspiracy thinking.
How people judge whether rituals work, and how group membership, intention, moral valence, and social identity shape those judgments.
Surveys, vignettes, scales, qualitative approaches, cross-cultural comparison, historical data, and conceptual analysis used with care.
The Prague 2022 workshop brought together experimental philosophy, cognitive science of religion, sociology, developmental psychology, historical data, and cross-cultural research. The programme, recordings, and summaries remain available as a methodological resource.
Open programme and videos
Silvia Boschetti, Robin Kopecký, Jakub Binter, Lenka Příplatová, and Konrad Talmont-Kaminski. The International Journal for the Psychology of Religion, published online 30 June 2026.
The article asks how people judge the efficacy of rituals associated with in-groups and out-groups, and how moral valence and social identity shape evaluations of magic.